THE NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION

 

Ancillary  diagnostic tests

 

Signalment, history and physical examination

 

Evaluation of mental state and behavior

 

Posture evaluation

 

Gait evaluation

 

Repetitive movements                             

                                                                                                                              

Evaluation of postural reactions

 

      Wheelbarrowing reaction

 

      Hopping reaction

 

      Extensor postural thrust reaction

 

      Visual and tactile positional reaction

 

Spinal reflex evaluation

 

      Patellar reflex

 

      Cranial tibial reflex

 

      Extensor carpi radialis reflex

 

      Flexor or withdrawal reflex

 

      Perineal reflex

 

      Cutaneous or panniculus  reflex

 

Evaluation of the cranial nerves

 

Menace response

 

      Visual tracking response or cotton ball test

 

      Palpebral reflex

 

      Pupillary light reflex

 

      Corneal reflex

 

      Eye position and movement

 

      Stimulation of the nasal mucosa

 

      Gag or swallowing reflex

 

      Masticatory muscle tone

 

How to localize lesions

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